Sensory Integration

Sensory-based therapies involve activities that are believed to organize the sensory system by providing vestibular, proprioceptive, auditory, and tactile inputs. Brushes, swings, balls, and other specially designed therapeutic or recreational equipment are used to provide these inputs.

Sensory Processing Disorder

Sensory processing disorder is a condition in which the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information that comes in through the senses. People with SPD may misinterpret everyday sensory information, such as touch, sound and movement. This means that a child with sensory processing disorder finds it difficult to process and act upon the information received through his senses via sounds, movements, touch, smell and taste.

AN EXAMPLE: Aman has trouble sitting in class. He wants to look at the teacher but everything else catches his attention. He squints as the lights are too bright. He wants to write but he applies too much pressure and breaks his pen.

We all have sensory preferences. However it becomes a disorder only when it significantly affects one or more areas of functioning and hinders our day to day life.

Some of the Red Flags of SPD not to ignore are:

Constantly touching objects

Squirms and/or fidgets frequently

Constantly moving

Clumsy or uncoordinated

Invades personal space

Mouths objects

Sensory processing affects the behavior in the following steps:

First the sensory system sends the information to the brain.

Then the brain decides what to do

Usually, it sends an appropriate motor response

Sometimes the brain doesn’t know what to do

This can cause behavioral or emotional challenges

This processing can be affected by neurological processing or more

Symptoms of Sensory Integration Difficulties

Sensory integration issues occur when a child’s brain has trouble processing and responding to sensory input like touch, sound, movement, or light. Children may be over-sensitive, under-responsive, or seek out sensory experiences in unusual ways.

Be overly sensitive to sound, touch, or light.
Avoid certain textures or messy play.
Crave movement (jumping, spinning, crashing into things).
Show little response to pain or sensory input.
Chew on objects or clothes.
Have trouble with balance, coordination, or fine motor tasks.
Struggle with focus or sitting still.

What Causes Sensory Integration Difficulties?

Sensory integration issues happen when the brain has trouble receiving, organizing, or responding to sensory information. While the exact cause can vary from child to child, several factors may contribute:

1. Neurodevelopmental Conditions

Children with conditions like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, or developmental delays often experience challenges with sensory processing.

2. Premature Birth or Birth Complications

Babies born prematurely or with low birth weight may have underdeveloped sensory systems, leading to difficulties as they grow.

3. Genetic or Hereditary Factors

Sensory processing issues may run in families, suggesting a possible genetic link.

4. Environmental or Early Life Factors

Limited early sensory experiences, trauma, or prolonged hospital stays during infancy can impact sensory development.